Massachusetts Slave Law Summary and RecordClose

Massachusetts Laws on Slavery from the Colonial Era to the Civil War

Fugitive slave law1630StatuteFugitive slave law included a provision to protect slaves who fled because of ill treatment "till due order be taken for their relief."
Military1652StatuteStatute obliged "Negroes, Indians and Scotchmen" to train for the militia.
Children1670StatuteRepresenting a significant change from the Body of Liberties, children of enslaved blacks could be sold into bondage. (The original decree did not cover children of blacks born in the colony, who, as such, could be presumed free.)
Shipping1680StatuteBlacks could not board ships without permits.
Trade1693StatuteNo white could trade with enslaved blacks to prevent stealing of the master's property.
Freedom of movement1703StatuteProhibited enslaved blacks from being on the streets after 9 p.m. This rule extended to free blacks as well.
Manumission1703StatuteManumission was made more difficult. Owner had to deposit a 50 pound security bond with the government for each slave freed.
Tax1705StatuteThis placed a duty of four pounds on imported blacks "for the better preventing of a spurious and mixt issue."
Marriage1705StatuteA master could not prevent an enslaved black from marrying, but intermarriage was forbidden. A minister who performed the marriage ceremony between a Christian and an "infidel" was fined 50 pounds. Law was repealed in 1843.
Freedom of assembly1707StatuteFree blacks could not entertain enslaved blacks in their homes without the permission of their owners. Alcohol could not be sold to an enslaved black.
Military1778StatutePermitted the enlistment of enslaved blacks as soldiers in state forces. Blacks who served in the military would be freed.
1783Judicial decisionSlavery was abolished by a judicial decision based on a case involving a slave, Quork Walker, who had sued for his freedom based on the master's verbal promise. State constitution later declared: "All men are born free and equal, and have certain, natural, essential, and inalienable rights."
Colonization1829ResolutionLegislature stated that removal of blacks would be beneficial to the country and endorsed the American Colonization Society.
Fugitive slave law1843StatuteIgnored the Federal Fugitive Slave Law of 1793, and passed a law forbidding State officials from aiding the recapture of fugitive slaves or for using state jails to imprison them.
Fugitive slave law1855StatutePassed "personal liberty" law prohibiting State officials from aiding in the enforcement of the fugitive slave laws of 1793 and 1850.